Mitochondrial-derived peptides, telomere-associated compounds, and cellular cofactors studied in aging and cellular-stress research — an early but fast-moving field. Read the mechanisms and see what the evidence does and doesn't support.
Start with the fundamentals before comparing compounds.
7 compounds in this research area. Each links to a full profile, dosing chart, and sourcing.
Mitochondrial-derived peptide
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied as a metabolic regulator and exercise-mimetic in preclinical models, and of interest in aging and insulin-sensitivity research.
Cellular coenzyme (not a peptide; included as a research cofactor)
A coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism and DNA-repair signaling. Levels decline with age, making it a major focus of longevity and mitochondrial research. Included here as a commonly co-studied research cofactor.
Synthetic tetrapeptide
A synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the pineal peptide epithalamin, studied in longevity research — notably for reported effects on telomerase activity in cell and animal models.
Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor (not a peptide)
A small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme NNMT — not a peptide — studied mainly in cell and animal models for its effects on fat-cell metabolism and its potential to preserve NAD+.
Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide
A mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide, also known as elamipretide, studied clinically for mitochondrial diseases and other conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mitochondrial-derived peptide
A small peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA (a 'mitochondrial-derived peptide') that has been studied for cytoprotective and metabolic signaling in aging research.
Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly)
Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine that serves as a master intracellular antioxidant and cofactor for detoxification enzymes. It is researched and used across several routes - IV, subcutaneous, nebulized, and oral/liposomal - for oxidative-stress, hepatic, and dermatologic contexts. Oral bioavailability of standard forms is poor.
In-depth, research-framed reading for this category.
Educational summary only. Dosing figures describe how these compounds appear in the research literature and research-community references — they are not a personal treatment plan or a recommendation for human use. For laboratory research use only.
